Scaling and Root Planing for Gum Disease: What to Expect?

If you’ve been told you need a deep cleaning, you might be wondering what scaling and root planing for gum disease entails. This common dental procedure is often recommended by dentists to treat chronic periodontal disease, also known as gum disease. By the end of your scaling and root planing treatment, your gums and teeth will be on the path to recovery, improving your overall dental health and helping to keep your teeth and gums healthy. In this blog post, we will discuss what to expect during a scaling and root planing treatment, how it benefits your oral health, and tips for maintaining healthy teeth and gums after the procedure.

What is Periodontal Scaling and Root Planing?

Scaling and root planing is a deep dental cleaning procedure used to treat periodontitis, an advanced gum disease. During this treatment, a dentist or hygienist uses special tools, known as periodontal scalers, to remove plaque, tartar (hardened plaque), and bacteria from the surfaces of the teeth both above and below the gum line. 

This process is essential because bacteria can cause the gums to pull away from your teeth, creating periodontal pockets that can harbor further infection. The primary goal of scaling and root planing is to remove these bacterial sources and smooth the root surfaces of your teeth. This helps the gums reattach to your teeth, promoting better oral health.

Difference between Routine and Deep Cleaning

The primary difference between routine cleaning and deep teeth cleaning lies in their purpose and depth of cleaning. A routine cleaning, often referred to as prophylaxis, is a typical teeth cleaning procedure that focuses on removing plaque and tartar from the surfaces of the teeth and above the gum line. It is a preventive measure to maintain good dental health and is generally conducted during regular dental visits.

In contrast, deep teeth cleaning, also known as periodontal cleaning or scaling and root planing, is a more intensive procedure aimed at treating periodontal disease. This professional cleaning involves removing dental plaque and tartar from both above and below the gum line, specifically targeting the root surfaces of the teeth. 

Who Needs Teeth Scaling and Root Planing?

A scaling and root planing procedure is recommended for individuals diagnosed with periodontitis, an advanced stage of periodontal disease. Periodontitis is characterized by the destruction of the bone and tissues supporting the teeth, which can lead to severe dental issues if not treated. 

Periodontitis has been linked to various systemic diseases. Research indicates that the inflammation and bacteria associated with periodontitis can contribute to conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections. The bacteria from infected gum tissue can enter the bloodstream, potentially affecting other parts of the body. 

How Does Gum Disease Develop?

Gum disease usually begins with dental plaque buildup, a sticky, colorless film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. The bacteria in plaque produce toxins that irritate your gums, causing them to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. This early stage of periodontal disease is called gingivitis. Gingivitis is reversible with professional dental cleaning (routine cleaning) and good oral hygiene. However, if left untreated, the infection can spread to the tooth-supporting tissues, leading to periodontitis.

In periodontitis, the gums begin to recede and pull away from the teeth, creating gum pockets where bacteria can grow and spread. Food debris and tartar accumulate in these pockets, causing further inflammation and bone loss around the teeth. Over time, these pockets become deeper, and the disease progresses, potentially leading to loose teeth and tooth loss. At this stage, gum disease can be reversed with scaling and root planing.

Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease

• Poor oral hygiene: Failing to brush your teeth and floss regularly allows plaque to build up on the teeth and gum line, increasing the risk of gum infection. Your dentist may recommend good dental care at home to prevent this.
• Smoking and tobacco use: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for periodontal disease. It can impair blood flow to the gums, making it harder for them to heal.
• Poor nutrition: A diet lacking essential nutrients can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including those affecting the gums and teeth.
• Certain medications: Some medications can cause dry mouth, reducing saliva production. Saliva helps protect the teeth and gums, so less saliva increases the risk of periodontal disease.
• Medical conditions: Conditions like diabetes can affect the body’s ability to fight infection, making periodontitis more likely. If you have diabetes, your dentist may also recommend more frequent dental visits.
• Stress: Stress can negatively impact the immune system, making it harder for the body to combat infections, including gum disease.
• Family history of gum disease: Genetics can play a role in your susceptibility to periodontal disease. If you have a family history, you may need to see your dentist regularly for early detection and prevention.

When to See a Dentist?

If you notice any signs and symptoms of gum disease, you must see your dentist as soon as possible.

Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease:

• Persistent bad breath even after brushing teeth
• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Gums bleed when flossing or brushing
• Gum recession and teeth appear longer than usual
• Gum receding around dental crowns and bridges
• Pain when chewing
• Teeth sensitivity
• Loose or shifting teeth

During your dental appointment, your dentist will conduct a thorough examination to diagnose the condition of your gums. They will check for signs of gingivitis, such as red, swollen gums that bleed easily.

For a more severe form of gum disease like periodontitis, your dentist will look for gum recession and infected gum pockets that have developed between your teeth and gums. X-rays may be taken to detect periodontal bone loss and assess the health of your teeth and bone. Gingivitis is curable with professional cleaning and improved oral hygiene. However, your dentist will likely recommend teeth scaling and root planing as a treatment for chronic periodontitis, aimed at restoring the health of your teeth and gums.

How is Dental Scaling and Root Planing Performed?

Scaling and root planing, known as periodontal cleaning, is a non-surgical procedure performed by a dentist or periodontist, a specialist in gum diseases. The procedure begins with an examination of the teeth and gums to assess the extent of the infection. This procedure may take more than one visit to the dentist and can be performed under local anesthetic, so you won’t feel any pain.

Scaling involves removing plaque, tartar, and bacteria that have accumulated on the teeth surfaces above and below the gum line. The process is usually performed using special dental tools, including ultrasonic scalers, hand scalers, and curettes. The dental professional will use these instruments to reach deep below the gum line to remove bacteria, plaque, and tartar causing inflammation.

Root planing involves thoroughly cleaning the tooth roots and smoothing out any rough spots or surfaces that may harbor bacteria and other harmful substances. By doing this, the gums can heal and reattach to the teeth, eliminating the pockets where disease-causing bacteria can thrive. Root planing may take several sessions, depending on the severity of your periodontal disease. It is common to need more than one appointment, as the procedure often requires thorough cleaning and smoothing of the roots of your teeth.

In severe cases of periodontitis, your periodontist may perform a gum flap surgery, known as osseous surgery, which involves lifting the gums to gain access to clean and smooth the roots. Oral surgeries require a local anesthetic. Additionally, bone grafting for periodontitis and tissue regeneration may be used to repair any damage to the bone and soft tissues. 

When scaling and planing are combined with good oral hygiene, proper nutrition, and regular appointments for checkups and cleanings, you can help keep your gums healthy and reduce the risk of gum disease progression.

Remember, the key to reversing periodontal disease and shrinking gum pockets lies in consistent dental care and follow-up. 

What to Expect After The Procedure?

After undergoing a scaling and root planing procedure, it’s normal to experience some discomfort and teeth sensitivity. Your dentist may prescribe pain relievers or recommend over-the-counter medications to help manage any discomfort. 

In the first few days following dental scaling and root planing, you might notice some bleeding and swelling of the gums. These symptoms should gradually subside as your gums begin to heal and reattach to the teeth. 

To facilitate the healing process, it’s essential to maintain good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth gently and use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid irritating the treated areas. Your dentist may also recommend using an antibacterial mouthwash to help reduce bacteria and promote healing. It’s important to follow all post-treatment care instructions provided by your dentist to ensure optimal recovery.

You might experience loose teeth after deep cleaning due to jawbone loss and the removal of tartar and plaque that were previously supporting the teeth. This condition should improve as the gums heal and reattach to the smooth root surfaces of your teeth. If you have any concerns about loose teeth or other symptoms, it’s important to contact your dentist for further evaluation. Regular follow-up visits are crucial to monitor the progress of your treatment and prevent the recurrence of gum disease.

If you experience any pain or discomfort following a scaling and root planing procedure, it is best to contact your periodontist right away. Keeping your teeth and gums healthy through regular checkups and professional cleanings is essential to prevent the recurrence of gum disease. Scaling and root planing take more than one dental visit and could require multiple follow-ups, but with diligent care, you can maintain a smooth root surface and healthy gums.

Post-Operative Dental Care

Following these post-operative care instructions will help ensure successful treatment and recovery from your deep cleaning. 

• Brush gently: After scaling and root planing, use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean your teeth and form a habit of brushing gently to avoid irritating the gums.
• Floss daily: Floss regularly but carefully to prevent disturbing the treated areas. This will help remove any remaining plaque between your teeth and form a barrier against new bacterial growth.
• Rinse with antiseptic mouthwash: Use an antiseptic mouthwash as recommended by your dentist. This helps reduce bacteria and promotes healing of the gums through teeth scaling after the procedure.
• Avoid hard or crunchy foods: Stick to a soft diet for a few days to avoid putting pressure on your gums and root surfaces. Foods that are hard or crunchy can irritate the healing tissue.
• Take prescribed medications: Follow any instructions your dentist provides regarding medications. Your dentist may prescribe pain medications and antibiotics to relieve pain after teeth cleaning and prevent infection.
• Avoid smoking and Tobacco: Smoking can delay healing and exacerbate gum disease. Avoid all tobacco products to promote better recovery after scaling and root planning.
• Attend follow-up appointments: Schedule and keep all follow-up appointments with your dentist. These visits are crucial for monitoring your progress and ensuring the gums reattach properly to the teeth and root surfaces.
• Manage teeth sensitivity: You might experience some teeth sensitivity after the procedure. Use toothpaste and mouthwash designed for sensitive teeth if recommended by your dentist.
• Watch for unusual symptoms: Be aware of any signs of complications, such as excessive bleeding, swelling, or severe pain. If you notice anything unusual, go to the dentist immediately for evaluation.
• Rest and hydrate: After the procedure, give your body time to heal by resting and drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated.

Proper care and regular dental visits are essential to maintaining the health of your teeth and gums.

Conclusion: Scaling and Root Planing

Scaling and root planing, also known as deep cleaning, involves the removal of plaque and tartar buildup from both above and below the gum line. This procedure is essential for patients with periodontitis, an advanced form of gum disease that leads to the destruction of bone and tissues supporting the teeth.

Scaling and root planing may or may not require anesthesia, depending on the extent of treatment. During the procedure, your dentist will clean the teeth and gums through teeth scaling and smoothing root surfaces, ensuring that all harmful bacteria are eliminated. In severe cases, your dentist or periodontist may recommend gum flap surgery for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

After the initial procedure, follow-up visits with your periodontist are often necessary. These appointments allow your dentist to monitor the healing process and determine if any additional treatment is needed. Contact your dentist if you need to know about periodontal scaling and root planing and whether it is right for you.